Phytochemical and biological investigation of Arachis hypogaea

Abstract

Objective: Groundnut [Peanut] (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the world’s most popular oil seed crops which is grown as an annual plant but perennial growth is possible in climates which are warm until harvest. The objective of this study is pharmacological activities investigation and comparison among different varieties of Arachis hypogea available in Bangladesh. Methods: Thin layer chormatogarphy were used to detect the presence of various types of compound in crude methanolic extracts derived from the Arachis hypogaea pods and shells. Crude plant powders were extracted sequentially with methanol and then undergone vacuum Liguid Chrmatograpy (VLC). Later the various fractions were screened for the presence of significant anti-diabetic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory pharmacological activity. Disc diffusion assay was performed to show the antibacterial effect using gram positive, gram negative strains of bacteria and fungi. In vitro antioxidant effects were measured by DPPH scavenging assay. In vitro anti- diabetic assay was carried out by Glucose uptake in Yeast cells Finally, the anti-inflammatory activities of different fraction of Arachis hypogaea were investigated for In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by human red blood cell membrane stabilization (HRBC) method. Lastly, receptor binding activities were performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Result: The different fractions of Arachis hypogaea have shown high antioxidant and anti diabetic activities. In addition the shell and nut lower layers of primary VLC fractions have shown relatively good anti bacterial activities, notably the against Gram negative strains. However, very few samples have exhibited anti inflammatory properties. Those worthy of mention are shell dichloromethane and methanol fractions of primary VLC fractions. In addition the nut lower layer xylene fractions have shown substantial anti inflammatory activity. Lastly, the receptor binding activity of both shell and nut lower layer primary VLC fractions have failed to show any activity. Conclusion: Under phytochemical analysis, antioxidant test & Chemical screening was done. The antioxidant property found in crude methanolic extracts derived from the Arachis hypogaea shells was notable.