Bridging the Gap: A Study of International Environmental Law and Bangladesh's Legal Framework for Climate Change Adaptation

Abstract

Bangladesh, one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, faces recurring floods, cyclones and rising sea levels that threaten lives, livelihoods and ecosystems. This thesis examines how effectively Bangladesh’s domestic legal and policy frameworks such as the Environment Conservation Act 1995, NAPA, BCCSAP, and Delta Plan 2100 align with international climate law, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement. Using a qualitative doctrinal approach and comparative insights from countries like Maldives, Vietnam, and Kenya, the study identifies both achievements and gaps in adaptation. Bangladesh has developed progressive policies, institutions, and domestic funding mechanisms but challenges remain in legal enforceability, institutional coordination, community engagement, reporting, and access to international climate finance. To bridge these gaps, the thesis recommends a dedicated Climate Change Adaptation Act, stronger institutional capacity, mainstreaming adaptation across sectors, effective use of international finance and technology transfer, and greater community participation. This research highlights that aligning domestic laws with international obligations is crucial for building resilience. By offering targeted legal and policy solutions, it aims to strengthen Bangladesh’s ability to respond to climate change and safeguard its most vulnerable populations.