Review of Risk Factor, Diagnosis condition and Management Procedure of Preeclamsia in industrial and non-industrial area of Bangladesh

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The purpose of the study was to identify the risk factors, diagnosis condition and management procedure of pre eclampsia patients in industrial and non-industrial area in Bangladesh.This descriptive type of cross sectional hospital based study was conducted in the 22 Health care centers for a period of 6 months of pre-eclampsia patients by interview. A thorough history and presenting vital signs, presence or absence of known signs and symptoms of preeclampsia, laboratory tests, treatment and all the information were recorded in a predesigned data collection sheet.In this study 38.34% patients were from 21-25 years of age, 26.22% patients were from 25-30 years of age and 15.04% patients were > 30 years of age. Majority of the sample population lives in industrial area(60%). Among the studied patients highest percentage had complaints of abdominal pain (39.80%) and edema (38.34 %). In this study 12.62% Patients had pre-existing hypertension, 1.45% patients had history of stroke, 42.23% had family history of hypertension, 27.84% patients had Gestational diabetes, 35.43% patients had obesity, 5.84% twin pregnancy, 60.19% patients had first time conceive. Among the study population OCP user are 74.27%. Hypertension, glucose intolerance, multiple pregnancy and cardio vascular disease are all known risk factors of pre eclampsia.In the study population intrauterine growth retardation was present in 27.66% babies, Intra uterine death was in 2.42% cases, and abortion was 2.91%.The findings of the study showed that the teenager and age above 30 years are at higher risk. The management facilities of preeclampsia are also available in Bangladesh.Among the study population 90.77% patients were treated with Methyldopa, 84.95% with Labetalol, 40.29% with Nifedipine and 31.55% with phenobarbital.These drugs are effective and safe for the management of preeclampsia and also cost effective.Multidisciplinary management is carried out with consideration of the maternal risks due to continued pregnancy and the fetal risks associated with induced preterm delivery. Screening women at high risk and preventing recurrences are key issues in the management of Preeclampsia.