Association of Chronic kidney disease with Diabetes mellitus: A survey on its prevalence, treatment pattern, and risk factors in context of Bangladesh

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic and is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure. Large epidemiological studies have shown that one third of the patients on hemodialysis or renal transplant recipients are diabetics, predominantly with type 2 diabetes. Based on this evidence the aim of this survey work was to determine the association of chronic kidney disease with diabetes mellitus in the context of Bangladesh. About 144 patients were interviewed on the predetermined questionnaire set on the objectives of this survey work. The survey was conducted at two branches of BIRDEM hospital in Dhaka city city: Rampura centre and Jurain centre. The majority of the survey population was female which contributes around 60% of the population and 40% was male. Patients aged from 45 to 64, highly suffers from diabetes mellitus and the prevalence is around 57%. The second highest group of patients was aged above 54, where the prevalence is around 23% and 29% patient group came from the age above 65. The socio-economic condition of the patients was mostly average: 58% patients were from middle class, 29% people were from upper-middle class, and 13% were from poor economical status out of 144 samples. According to this survey study people who are suffering from diabetic mellitus for 5 or more years have the highest chance of developing chronic kidney disease. These finding gave the indication that chronic kidney disease is associated with long term diabetes mellitus. This research also evaluated the treatment pattern of both diseases. Patients with diabetes mellitus mostly treated with oral anti-diabetic agent besides insulin. Also this study result proves diabetes as the leading risk factors for chronic kidney diseases which accounts for 48%. it is seen that majority of the patient (48%) had the HbA1C level in between 7% to 9%. Secondly, 42% patient had their HbA1C level in below 7%. And 5% patient had the HbA1C level in between 10% to 14% and the remaining 5% had above 14%. Creatinine level of the chronic kidney disease patients were about (1.6-2.5) ml\dl in the majority patients (32.6%), 1-1.5 ml/dl in the 29% patients & 0.5-0.9 ml/dl in the 28.5% patients. In summary, this survey work gave us an updated review on the growing public health burden of chronic kidney disease associated with diabetes mellitus in the Dhaka city.