Incidence of Colorectal Cancer (CC) in Patients Suffering from Rectal Bleeding in an Outpatient Clinic of a Hospital in Dhaka City

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor arising from the inner wall of the large intestine or rectum. Uncontrollable division of abnormal cells occur in the colon or rectum, which ultimately form malignant tumour in patients. This type of cancer occurs in many people that are either genetically predisposed or exposed to risk factors. Rectal bleeding is a major sign of colorectal cancer. CRC is the third most common type of non skin cancer in both male and female. It is the second leading cause of cancer death in United States. Mortality is very high in patients who diagnosed with CRC at a later stage. Therefore, detection of CRC at an early stage can play a significant role before it has spread. Early detection is ultimately increase the survival rate of the patients. The objective of the study is to find out the incidence of the CC in patients suffering from rectal bleeding. Patients of sex, presenting the rectal bleeding, and visiting to a hospital in Dhaka city were enrolled in this study. Colonoscopy was done to the patients for the detection of the tumour. To confirm the malignancy, a biopsy was performed during a colonoscopy, or it may be done on any tissue that is removed during surgery. Among 26 patients, 14 patients had the history of rectal bleeding, 6 patients had abdominal pain and 7 had the history of irregular or change in bowel habit. Nine patients suffered from diarrhoea, dysentery, constipation and acidity. Seven and 6 patients had medical history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus respectively. Sixteen patients had undergone endoscopy procedure. It has been found from the endoscopy that 9 patients had no abnormality of upper GI symptoms. However, seven patients had abnormality where 3 had gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), 2 had duodenal ulcer and other 2 had inflammation in the lining tissue of the stomach. Colonoscopy procedure revealed that 16 patients had different types of disease in the colons. Among 16 patients who had some abnormality in colon, 2 were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma by histopathology result. Both the patients had rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. One patient had lymph node metastases. He had history of low anterior resection for rectal cancer and colonoscopy indicated that the patient had no further growth in colon. The present study determines the risk of colorectal cancer in patients suffering from rectal bleeding in a hospital of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Early diagnosis, symptoms indicative of a high risk of cancer are useful in order to improve survival rate of the patients.